Implementasi Sistem Akuisisi Data MultiSensor dan Pengembangan Aplikasi Mobile Android untuk Monitoring dan Kontrol Otomatis Nutrisi pada Greenhouse Berbasis IoT di Politeknik Negeri Batam

Abstract

Modern hydroponic farming demands efficiency in real-time monitoring and nutrient delivery to support crop productivity. This study aims to design and implement an automatic nutrient monitoring and control system in a greenhouse using the Nutrient Film Technique (NFT) method. The system is built with an ESP32 microcontroller connected to a temperature and humidity sensor (DHT11), a pH sensor (SEN0161), a TDS sensor, and a water level sensor (HC-SR04). Nutrient control is carried out automatically using a PID algorithm to maintain the stability of the nutrient solution concentration. Sensor data is transmitted in real-time to the Firebase Realtime Database and displayed through an Android application and website to facilitate remote monitoring. Based on testing conducted between 19:34 and 20:24, the system successfully recorded data from all sensors in real-time and consistently, with pH values ranging from 3.1 to 4.9 (acidic condition), TDS values remaining relatively stable at around 1380 ppm close to the setpoint, water level changing from 36.1 cm to 49.6 cm, temperature stable at around 40 °C, and humidity decreasing from 29% to 23%. These results indicate that the system is capable of maintaining nutrient parameters at stable levels and responding quickly to TDS changes with precise pump speed control. The system has also proven to reduce water and nutrient usage, improve plant maintenance efficiency, and provide convenience for users in managing greenhouse conditions. With its capability to integrate IoT technology and automatic control, this system has the potential to serve as a practical smart farming solution for educational and research purposes in academic environments such as Politeknik Negeri Batam. Keywords: Greenhouse, NFT Hydroponics, PID, IoT, Firebase