Power Losses In Transmission Lines

Abstract

The electrical energy network from the power plant to the consumers is arranged through several stages of transmission lines, namely high-voltage, extra high-voltage, medium-voltage, and low-voltage distribution lines. Each line has different characteristics, particularly in terms of distance and power delivery capacity. In this system, the distance between the power plant and the consumers is generally quite far, which introduces several technical challenges. When transmission lines are supplied with electric current, impedance arises, leading to voltage drop and power losses. The magnitude of these losses is influenced by the transmission distance, the type of conductor material, and the cross-sectional area of the cable used. This research aims to analyze in more detail the effect of transmission line impedance on voltage drop and power losses by using a smart grid trainer as the simulation medium. The experiment was conducted by varying the impedance values on the transmission line to observe the differences in voltage and power losses. The results show that the greater the impedance of the line, the more significant the voltage drop and power losses that occur within the network. This confirms that impedance control in transmission networks plays a crucial role in maintaining the reliability of the power system. Based on the analysis, it can be concluded that impedance characteristics strongly affect the efficiency of electrical energy delivery from the power plant to consumers and must be carefully considered in both design and operation of power systems. Keywords: Line Impedance, Voltage Drop, Power Losses.