Implementasi Sistem Perhitungan Jejak Karbon Kendaraan dan Emisi Transportasi Berbasis Mobile untuk Meningkatkan Kesadaran Lingkungan Pengguna

Abstract

The calculation of private vehicle carbon emissions in Indonesia has predominantly relied on manual survey methods, which present significant accuracy limitations as they fail to capture real-time variations in travel distance and driving patterns, and have not been empirically validated against independent data sources. This research aims to design, implement, and validate an Android-based vehicle carbon footprint calculation system named EcoTrack, which records travel distance in real time using smartphone GPS and calculates CO₂ emissions based on the standard emission factors issued by the Indonesian Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources (ESDM). The research employed a Research and Development (R&D) approach based on the Borg & Gall model, combined with a quantitative approach to measure system accuracy and a descriptive approach to analyze usability levels. Accuracy validation was conducted in two stages: distance validation by comparing smartphone GPS data against an independent hardware reference unit based on an ESP32 microcontroller connected to a GPS Neo-6M module, and emission validation by comparing the CO₂ emission values automatically generated by the application against manually calculated results using these standard emission factors, across six field-testing routes in Batam City involving motorcycles, cars, and buses. The system also incorporates a donation-based carbon offset mechanism integrated with the Midtrans payment gateway, enabling users to convert their carbon footprint into tangible contributions to community reforestation programs. Testing results showed an average distance error of 1.92% and an average CO₂ emission error percentage of 1.48%, both well below the targeted threshold of 5%, demonstrating that the system's accuracy is scientifically defensible. Usability testing involving 15 respondents using the System Usability Scale (SUS) instrument yielded an average score of 83.8, classified as Good (grade B). These findings confirm that integrating smartphone GPS with ESDM standard emission factor calculations can produce an accurate vehicle emission calculation system across various vehicle types, one that is well-accepted by users and encourages active participation in carbon offsetting.