Smart Port Digitalization System Design and Prototype Implementation at Sei Mangkei Dry Port Based on Enterprise Architecture

Abstract

Sei Mangkei Dry Port, a strategic inland intermodal terminal within North Sumatra’s Special Economic Zone (KEK), faces critical operational inefficiencies: manual gate recording averaging 10 minutes per truck, fragmented inter-agency data systems, and zero real-time container visibility. This paper presents the design and prototype implementation of an integrated Smart Port digitalization system grounded in the TOGAF (The Open Group Architecture Framework) Architecture Development Method (ADM) and the Design Science Research (DSR) methodology. The system delivers a RESTful API backend built on .NET 8 Web API using the Controller-Service-Repository pattern, a PostgreSQL 16 relational database comprising 60 tables across 11 functional groups, a QR code-based gate validation interface, and a real-time web monitoring dashboard. System validation encompasses 20 black-box functional test scenarios (100% pass rate), API response time benchmarking across 50 sequential requests per endpoint (average 2,310 ms, 23% below the 3,000 ms KPI threshold), end-to-end simulation with 100% cross-layer data consistency, and stress testing at up to 200 concurrent requests (98.05% success rate, zero crashes). A formal time-study analysis demonstrates a 95.3% gate cycle time reduction—from 10 minutes to 32 seconds per truck—yielding an estimated daily time saving of 475 minutes (50 trucks/day). Projected annual business impact includes IDR 356,250,000 in operational labor savings, IDR 625,000,000 in demurrage cost elimination, and a total first-year Return on Investment of 308.9% on an implementation cost of IDR 240,000,000, with break-even achieved at Month 3. The modular open-source architecture establishes a replicable digital foundation for medium-scale dry port facilities throughout Indonesia’s Special Economic Zones, bridging the gap between simple standalone gate automation and cost-prohibitive enterprise port management systems