Development of a QR Code-Based Locking System for a Delivery Robot Using Firebase Realtime Database

Abstract

Securing the handover process in autonomous delivery robots is critical, as static authentication systems like RFID are prone to cloning. Addressing these vulnerabilities, this study proposes a dynamic QR code-based locking mechanism to significantly enhance security. The system utilizes a master-slave architecture where a GUI generates unique, time-sensitive codes every 30 seconds. Firebase Realtime Database serves as a low-latency broker for an Android scanning application, while a Mealy Finite State Machine (FSM) manages the container logic via ultrasonic and magnetic sensors. Functional testing demonstrated a 100% success rate in both code generation and mechanism actuation. Additionally, performance evaluation achieved an optimal average latency of 55.5 ms in hybrid Wi-Fi and mobile network scenarios. Consequently, this dynamic locking architecture proves to be a highly responsive and secure solution for the advancing field of autonomous delivery logistics.