Green supply chain management: analisis dampak keberlanjutan pengadaan terhadap reverse logistics pada perusahaan manufaktur berbasis recycle di negara singapura

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the influence of Procurement Sustainability — comprising Environmental Procurement Sustainability (X1), Economic Procurement Sustainability (X2), and Social Procurement Sustainability (X3) — on Reverse Logistics Performance (Z), with Government Policy (Y) as a moderating/mediating variable, at Royal Logistics Solutions Pte Ltd and its three affiliated companies within the KL Resources Pte Ltd group, recycle-based manufacturing companies in Singapore. The study is motivated by Singapore's still-low national recycling rate (57%, with plastic recycling at only 6%), far from the 80% target set for 2030, as well as a research gap regarding which dimension of procurement sustainability most strongly affects reverse logistics effectiveness. This research employs a quantitative explanatory approach using Structural Equation Modeling based on Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS) via SmartPLS 4, with primary data collected from 60 respondents selected through purposive sampling. The results show that Environmental Procurement Sustainability (β = 0.277; p = 0.029) and Economic Procurement Sustainability (β = 0.336; p = 0.001) both have a positive and significant direct effect on Reverse Logistics Performance, with Economic Procurement Sustainability standing out as the strongest direct predictor. Social Procurement Sustainability shows no significant direct effect on Reverse Logistics (β = 0.033; p = 0.418),but has a positive and significant effect on Government Policy (β = 0.406; p = 0.002); however, itsindirect effect on Reverse Logistics through Government Policy is not statistically significant at the 5% level (β = 0.106; p = 0.053), so this mediating role could not be confirmed. Government Policy itself also has a positive and significant direct effect on Reverse Logistics Performance (β = 0.261; p = 0.006). The R-Square values indicate that the model explains 38.6% of the variance in Reverse Logistics Performance and 19.9% of the variance in Government Policy. These findings suggest that reverse logistics effectiveness in Singapore's recycling industry is driven more by the direct influence of the economic and environmental dimensions of procurement, and by the strength of government policy itself, than by government policy's mediating role between the three procurement sustainability dimensions and reverse logistics performance.